First Florentine period 1464/69 - 1481/83

Leonardo’s Madonna and Child with a Carnation was probably begun during this year.

Birth of Michelangelo.

Birth of Cesare Borgia, nephew of Pope Alexander VI and eventually Captain General of the Papal forces during his father’s papacy. He is said to be the person on whom Niccoló Machiavelli based his literary work The Prince. In 1502, he employed Leonardo as a military architect and engineer.